非瓣膜性心房颤动合并重度三尖瓣反流的危险因素分析

目的:探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)合并重度三尖瓣反流(TR)患者的临床特征及危险因素。方法:连续入选2016年1月至2019年12月就诊于我院的290例合并TR的NVAF患者,87例NVAF合并重度TR患者为重度TR组,男性35例,平均年龄(73.5±9.0)岁;203例NVAF合并轻-中度TR患者作为对照组,男性114例,平均年龄(66.2±10.9)岁。比较两组的临床特征,采用Logistics回归分析评估重度TR的危险因素。结果:290例NVAF患者中,30.0%合并重度TR,41.0%合并中度TR,29.0%合并轻度TR。与对照组相比,重度TR组年龄大[(73.5±9.0)岁vs(.66.2±10.9)岁]、心房颤动病程长[4.5(2.0,10.0)年vs.3.0(2.0,7.0)年]、心功能差、持续性心房颤动(96.6%vs.73.4%)及女性(59.8%vs.43.8%)比例高,同时心房扩大、肺动脉压升高及二尖瓣反流更明显(P均<0.05)。Logistics多因素回归分析显示,重度TR与年龄(OR=1.060,95%CI:1.020~1.102)、女性(OR=4.727,95%CI:1.977~11.306)、持续性心房颤动(OR=6.873,95%CI:1.419~33.297)、右心房左右径(OR=1.202,95%CI:1.117~1.293)相关(P均<0.05)。右心房左右径≥45.5 mm可预测重度TR,诊断敏感度为0.712,特异度为0.697;ROC曲线下面积为0.763(95%CI:0.696~0.831,P<0.001)。结论:NVAF合并重度TR的危险因素包括老年、女性、持续性心房颤动、右心房左右径扩大。     

妊娠期高血压疾病危险因素及护理干预新进展

妊娠期高血压疾病是女性妊娠期间极为常见的一种妊娠并发症，亦为妇产科临床中极为常见的一种病症，该病症可产生 极大的危害性。目前临床主要站在流行病学角度上研究妊娠期高血压疾病，针对该病症的发病诱因、机制等尚未有统一认识形 成。本文主要分析和总结妊娠期高血压疾病的相关危险因素和护理干预措施，以供今后临床作参考。     

Efficacy of recombinant Marek’s disease virus vectored vaccines with computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin insert against genetically diverse H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses

The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage and the emergence of vaccine-resistant field viruses underscores the need for a broadly protective H5 influenza A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus of turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived H5 inserts or computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) inserts with challenge by homologous and genetically divergent H5 HPAI Gs/GD lineage viruses in chickens. Direct assessment of protection was confirmed for all the tested constructs, which provided clinical protection against the homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI Gs/GD challenge viruses and significantly decreased oropharyngeal shedding titers compared to the sham vaccine. The cross reactivity was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and focus reduction assay against a panel of phylogenetically and antigenically diverse H5 strains. The COBRA-derived H5 inserts elicited antibody responses against antigenically diverse strains, while the wild-type-derived H5 vaccines elicited protection mostly against close antigenically related clades 2.3.4.4A and 2.3.4.4D viruses. In conclusion, the HVT vector, a widely used replicating vaccine platform in poultry, with H5 insert provides clinical protection and significant reduction of viral shedding against homologous and heterologous challenge. In addition, the COBRA-derived inserts have the potential to be used against antigenically distinct co-circulating viruses and future drift variants.     

Role of Primary Care in Detection of Subsequent Primary Cancers

Significant advances in the detection and treatment of initial cancers increase the likelihood of life-threatening subsequent primary cancers, particularly for long-term survivors. A brief patient case regarding a Hodgkin lymphoma survivor with a subsequent primary gastric cancer will demonstrate how primary care providers can identify potential subsequent primary cancers using the American Cancer Society website. Primary care providers have an essential role in recognizing the critical need to educate and evaluate cancer survivors for subsequent primary cancers.     

Medication Adherence App for Food Pantry Clients With Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Low-income food pantry clients are unable to adhere to the diet and physical activity recommendations of the American Diabetes Association. The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of using a mobile phone app to improve diabetes medication adherence. Clients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a mobile phone app featuring 70 days of text message reminders and incentives. The app and the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale evaluated medication adherence. Clinically significant medication adherence of 93% was achieved with use of the app. Phone app use is feasible among urban low-income clients to improve medication adherence.     

Genetics of intervertebral disc disease: A review

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common musculoskeletal disease affecting about 5% of all individuals. It is characterized by lumbar disc herniation, which causes nerve root irritation, either mechanically or via inflammatory mediators, and results in radiating pain, known as sciatica. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the causes and risk factors for IVDD. Lifting heavy loads, torsional stress, and motor vehicle driving are among the best-identified environmental risk factors. However, it has become evident recently from family and twin studies that genetic factors may also be important in IVDD. This hypothesis was strengthened by the identification of two collagen IX alleles associated with sciatica and lumbar disc herniation. In addition, disc degeneration has been shown to be related to an aggrecan gene polymorphism, a Vitamin D receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene alleles. This review highlights the genetic role and occupational aspects of IVDD.